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In this recipe, I ll show you how to create a multiple-column index. In previous recipes, I ve shown you how to create an index on a single column, however many times you will want more than one column to be used in a single index. Use composite indexes when two or more columns are often searched within the same query, or are often used in conjunction with one another. In this example, we re assuming that TerminationReason and the DepartmentID will often be used in the same WHERE clause of a SELECT query. With that in mind, the following NONCLUSTERED INDEX is created: CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX NI_TerminationReason_TerminationReason_DepartmentID ON HumanResources.TerminationReason(TerminationReason, DepartmentID)

Choosing which columns to index is a bit of an art. You ll want to add indexes to columns that you ll know will be commonly queried, however you must always keep a column s selectivity in mind. Selectivity refers to how many rows exist for each unique index key value. If a column has poor selectivity, for example only containing zeros or ones, it is unlikely that SQL Server will take advantage of that query when creating the query execution plan. One general rule of thumb when creating a composite index is to put the most selective columns at the beginning, followed by the other less selective columns. In this recipe s example, the TerminationReason was chosen as the first column, followed by the DepartmentID. Both are guaranteed to be totally unique in the table, and therefore are equally selective.

The automake program automatically creates the install-sh, mkinstalldirs, missing, COPYING, INSTALL, and depcomp files by copying them from templates provided as part of the automake distribution. In order to create these files, you must execute automake at least once with the --add-missing command-line option, as explained in the next section. You can then create the NEWS, README, AUTHORS, and ChangeLog files using a text editor or by using the touch program to create empty placeholders with the correct names. Before we show you an example of running the automake program and creating these files in the next section, take a look at an overview of the process of using automake itself:

If you re new to SQL Server or need assistance in a poorly performing query, use Database Tuning Advisor to help make index suggestions for you. Also, see 28 for more information on index usage and performance.

ImageMagick lets you save the intermediate state of images. For example, if you reuse the drawing example from earlier in this chapter but split the draw command into more than one draw command, it looks like this: convert -fill blue -font mailrays.ttf -pointsize 96 -draw "circle 100,100 125,125 rectangle 65,150 135,300" -fill red -draw "text 200,300 Water" -spread 2 input.jpg output.jpg This gives you the result shown in Figure 7-87.

1. Create the Makefile.am file for your application. 2. Execute the automake program with the --add-missing command-line option to copy any required files missing from your distribution but for which templates are provided as part of your automake installation. This step also identifies any files you must create manually. 3. Create the files identified in the previous step. 4. Modify your application s configure.ac file to include the AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(program, version) macro, customized for your application. This macro invocation should follow the AC_INIT macro in your configure.ac file. 5. Because the AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE macro is an automake macro rather than a standard autoconf macro, you will need to run the aclocal script in order to create a local file of m4 macro definitions (such as the definition of the AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE macro) that will be used by Autoconf. 6. Rerun the automake program again to generate a complete Makefile.in file from your Makefile.am file. At this point, all of the files necessary for successfully using Autoconf and Automake to generate a valid configure script for your application, which will in turn generate a valid Makefile, are present.

You can use up to 16 columns in a single index, so long as you don t exceed 900 bytes of all index key columns combined. You also can t use large object data types within the index key, including varchar(max), nvarchar(max), varbinary(max), xml, ntext, text, and the image data types. The index key refers to columns used to define the index itself. SQL Server 2005 does however, allow the addition of non-key columns to the leaf level of the index by using the new INCLUDE clause demonstrated later on in the chapter.